30 Sugars Hiding in Your Food (plus how to watch out for them)

The amount of sugar the average American consumes daily has drastically increased over the last few centuries. Today, as many as 75% of Americans eat more sugar than they need (1). This can lead to an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, and several other major illnesses (2, 3).

Here’s the kicker: Sugar isn’t just in the obvious sweet stuff (think: ice cream, cookies, and brownies). It’s in hundreds of foods that you’d never expect—fruit juice, canned fruit, cereals, trail mix, ketchup, salad dressings, and processed meat, just to name a few.

Because sugar goes by so many different names, it’s not always easy to spot in a product’s ingredient list. This makes cutting it out of your diet tricky, yet essential. In this article, you’ll learn what happens to the body when you consume sugar, plus 30 different sugars to look for before adding a food or beverage to your grocery cart.

Your brain responds to sugar similarly to the way it would respond to cocaine (4). When you bite into a food high in sugar, you feel a rush of feel-good brain chemicals like serotonin and dopamine (5). But these happy feelings are short-lived. Once you come down from that initial high, you want to experience it again and again—to the detriment of your health.

Once sugar is in your system, your insulin will spike in an attempt to regulate your blood sugar. Insulin is a hormone tasked with keeping sugar levels consistent in your blood, and absorbing excess sugar as needed (6).

Thanks to insulin, your blood sugar will drop down to a more normal level. That process is what creates the infamous sugar crash: that early sugar rush feeling wears off, leaving you feeling exhausted and possibly cranky (7).

If you eat or drink lots of sugar regularly, you might find yourself feeling frequently drained, extra hungry, or extra thirsty (8). This is because your insulin is working super hard to stabilize your blood sugar levels. It can be made even worse by the fact that simple sugars are lacking in energy-boosting nutrients like protein and fiber. Frequent consumption of added sugars has been linked to high levels of daytime fatigue (9). Put simply, a sugar-filled snack or meal is a ticket to exhaustion.

If you regularly eat high amounts of sugar (more than 25 or 30 grams per day for men and women, respectively), the downsides go far beyond what you’ll feel in the short term…

Sugar is high in excess calories and low in protein and fiber, meaning you’ll need to eat a lot of sugary foods in order to feel full, while still missing out on the nutrients your body needs. This can lead to weight gain. So much so that excess sugar consumption has been linked to obesity, which can, in turn, lead to insulin resistance, which can then lead to diabetes (10, 11).

If you’re a more visual person, here’s what happens when you eat high amounts of sugar for a long period of time:

High Sugar Consumption → Weight Gain → Insulin Resistance → Diabetes

Sugar can also increase your risk of severe health issues like heart disease (12). It can increase how quickly you age by breaking down collagen, and as you were probably warned as a kid, sugar can cause tooth decay (13, 14).

Added sugars have a knack for hiding in plain sight on ingredient labels. This is because sugars can go by dozens of different names, and a lot of them are a bit misleading.

While there’s no “right” amount of sugar to eat each day (less is better), it’s helpful to be aware of roughly how many grams you’re taking in. Take a look at the nutrition labels on your food and keep an eye out for any of the names listed below.

When you have a choice, opt for lower-sugar options in your snacks and meals. For example, choose fruit instead of fruit juice, and water instead of soda. The less processed a food is, the better.

Types of sugars you might see on nutrition labels:

• Glucose: a type of sugar that can be metabolized by every cell in your body (15)
• Fructose: a type of sugar that’s metabolized almost entirely in the liver (16)
• Sucrose: also known as table sugar, sucrose consists of 50% glucose and 50% fructose
• High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS): produced via cornstarch and contains both glucose and fructose
• Agave Nectar/Syrup: a sweetener produced from agave plants that contain high levels of fructose and glucose

Nutrition labels also list added sugars, which contain varying levels of glucose and fructose under the following names:

• Galactose (does not contain glucose or fructose)
• D-Ribose (does not contain glucose or fructose)
• Brown Sugar
• Powdered Sugar
• Cane Sugar
• Lactose
• Maltose
• Beet Sugar
• Buttered Syrup
• Caramel
• Carob Syrup
• Castor Sugar
• Confectioner’s Sugar
• Fruit Juice
• Honey
• Molasses
• Sorghum Syrup
• Refiner’s Syrup
• Barley Malt
• Malt Syrup
• Maltodextrin
• Ethyl Maltol
• Crystalline Fructose
• Yellow Sugar
• Turbinado Sugar

Americans eat around 17 teaspoons of added sugar per day (17). Added sugar increases your risk for diabetes, heart disease, obesity, and other health issues. While there’s no need to worry about small amounts of naturally occurring sugars in fruits or other whole foods, added sugars are a dangerous ingredient. Curb your sugar consumption by regularly reading nutrition labels and learning the lesser-known names for the sweet stuff.